Interpretation, analysis and empathy

Using historical terms and concepts

• use complex terms and concepts as they apply to historical issues and forces, eg feminism, assimilation policies, Cold War
  
• use knowledge of word origins to define specialised and abstract historical terms, eg reconciliation, citizenship
  

Using historical sources

• ask questions (who, when, where, what and why) to explain the meaning, purpose and context of historical sources
  
• draw conclusions from a variety of sources
  
• make deductions about the usefulness of sources for the purpose of a specific historical inquiry
  

Integrating perspectives

• describe how language and graphic features influence how a source is interpreted, eg abstract nouns such as ‘protection’ may be used to make participants appear less responsible
  
• identify and contrast different accounts of the same event or issue and give possible explanations.
  

Research

Establishing purpose

• clarify the scope of a historical investigation by defining key terms and concepts
  
• plan historical research to suit the purposes of a task, with limited guidance
  

Collecting information

• locate historical information from a wide variety of written, oral, audio-visual and multimedia resources
  
• identify and extract relevant and useful information from increasingly challenging sources
  

Organising information

• use strategies to organise information from a range of different sources for different purposes, eg using a mind map to illustrate causation
  

Evaluating

• make judgements about the usefulness of information.
  

Communication

Selecting appropriate forms

• select a form of communication appropriate to purpose and audience, eg historical report, interview, essay
  

Presenting

• create well-structured texts using evidence to describe, recount, explain, argue, challenge and discuss increasingly complex problems and issues
  
• use a wide variety of multimedia processes to create published works incorporating text, graphics, sound and/or animation as appropriate
  

Evaluating

• evaluate the effectiveness of own and others’ communication with greater autonomy.