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Content - Stages 4 and 5

The content of the Mandatory course comprises:

  • Geographical Tools
  • Geographical Skills
  • Values and Attitudes
  • Focus Areas.


The content described in Geographical Tools, Geographical Skills, and Values and Attitudes is to be integrated with the content in the Focus Areas.

Values and Attitudes - Stages 4 and 5

Values and attitudes permeate people’s interactions with each other and the environment. In the key learning area of Human Society and Its Environment, they are inherent in the subject matter that is investigated and the skills that are developed. They result from learning experiences and reflection.

Students need to develop:

  • skills in identifying, clarifying, analysing and evaluating values and attitudes that they and others hold;
  • values and attitudes that promote a democratic and socially just society in a sustainable environment.

Through the study of Geography, students will develop interest in, and informed and responsible attitudes towards, people, cultures, societies and environments at local, national, regional and global scales.


In learning values and attitudes, a student will work towards the following Stage 4 outcomes:

4.4 - demonstrates a sense of place about environments outside Australia
4.5 - describes the geographical processes that form and transform environments
4.6 - identifies and discusses geographical issues from a range of perspectives
4.7 - describes the interrelationships between people and environments
4.8 - describes differences in life opportunities throughout the world in terms of social, cultural, economic and physical environments
4.9 - explains how geographical knowledge, understanding and skills contribute to active and informed citizenship.


In learning values and attitudes, a student will work towards the following Stage 5 outcomes:

5.4 - demonstrates a sense of place about Australian environments
5.5 - explains the geographical processes that form and transform environments
5.6 - analyses the impact of different perspectives on geographical issues at local, national and global scales
5.7 - explains Australia’s links with other countries and its role in the global community
5.8 - accounts for differences within and between Australian communities
5.9 - applies geographical knowledge, understanding and skills to demonstrate active and informed citizenship.


Values and Attitudes - Stages 4 and 5

Through the study of Geography, students will develop skills in:


ecological sustainability

Stages 4–5 Content

Note: The content described below should be integrated with the content in the focus areas.


Students will develop:


appreciation of environments

responsibility for the future of environments

appreciation of indigenous peoples’ knowledge of the land and their relationship with the land

commitment to the use of renewable resources and a concern for the resource needs of future generations

commitment to act locally for a better global future.

a just society
concern for the welfare, rights and dignity of all people

respect for the rights of all people

commitment to redressing disadvantage and changing discriminatory practices, eg racism and sexism

appreciation of and respect for human life

commitment to act in a fair and responsible manner.

intercultural understanding
appreciation of the cultural heritage of themselves and others

empathy with people of different cultures and societies

respect for different viewpoints, ways of living, belief systems and languages

commitment to examining geographical ideas and information from a variety of perspectives

support for cultural diversity within Australia.

informed and active citizenship
a sense of responsibility to be an informed, contributing member of society

commitment to participate responsibly in society as individuals and members of groups

appreciation of the importance of the law to people and environments

commitment to peaceful ways of resolving conflict within and between communities

a resolve to evaluate information, decisions or outcomes

commitment to individual freedom and to the rights and responsibilities of citizens in a democracy.

lifelong learning
lifelong interest in learning about people and environments

appreciation of the importance of lifelong learning in a constantly changing world.

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